OlympiA was set up to assess if a new treatment using a drug called olaparib can reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence in patients with high-risk HER2-negative primary breast cancer who have an inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation and who have completed all standard anticancer treatments.

Olaparib aims to block the repair of DNA which can cause BRCA-associated cancer cells to die.

An estimated 2.3 million people were diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide in 2020, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are found in approximately 5% of breast cancer patients.[i]

Several previous studies have already shown that the use of the drug olaparib improves the chance of disease-free survival of patients with inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who have advanced cancers. Other studies have shown that olaparib significantly reduces the risk of progression in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

The main objective of OlympiA is to assess the effect of post-surgery treatment with olaparib on invasive disease-free survival. This also includes assessing the safety and tolerability of post-surgery treatment with olaparib.

[i] Globocan 2020

Results from the OlympiA Phase III trial showed olaparib (Lynparza) demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) versus placebo in the adjuvant treatment of patients with germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) high-risk human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer who had completed local treatment and standard chemotherapy either before or after surgery. Indeed, results showed olaparib reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer recurrences, second cancers or death by 42% in this patient population.  

Olaparib also demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in the key secondary endpoint of distant disease-free survival (DDFS) in the overall trial population.

Results of this analysis were presented during the plenary session of the 2021 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting. They were also simultaneously published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

The results of the planned second interim analysis of overall survival (OS), a key secondary endpoint on the OlympiA trial, showed that one year of post-surgery olaparib relative to placebo led to a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in the OS, reducing risk of death by 32%.

At this second interim analysis, the previously reported improvements in IDFS and DDFS were maintained with similar benefits. The safety and tolerability profile of olaparib in this trial remains in line with what has been observed in prior clinical trials.

Based on the results of OlympiA, the drug olaparib was approved in March 2022 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the adjuvant treatment of patients with BRCA-mutated HER2-negative high-risk early breast cancer who have already been treated with chemotherapy either before or after surgery. This approval will change the way U.S.-patients with this type of cancer will be treated in the future, and the expectation is that approvals will soon follow in other parts of the world.

Patients enrolled in OlympiA were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups and received treatment for up to 12 months:

– olaparib

or

– placebo

The study aims to compare results between the two treatment groups, looking at the invasive disease-free survival, distant disease-free survival, overall survival, safety, patient functioning and health related quality of life.

All randomised patients will have clinical assessment visits for 10 years following their randomisation into the study. Once a patient completes 10 years of clinical assessment, she/he will enter the survival follow-up phase of the trial which will continue until 10 years after the last patient is randomised.

During the trial, DNA samples (blood and tumour tissue) were collected from all participating patients and stored in the study biorepository for future research into genes/genetic variation.

Patients who have been diagnosed with high-risk HER2-negative primary breast cancer, who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in their genes, and who have completed definitive local treatment, and pre- or post-surgery chemotherapy.

A total of 1,836 patients have been enrolled in the study.

This is a collaborative study being coordinated worldwide by BIG, in partnership with Frontier Science & Technology Research Foundation (FSTRF), NRG Oncology (NCI supported National Clinical Trials Network Group) and AstraZeneca (AZ) and MSD.

21 research groups from the BIG network are participating in this trial: ABCSG, AGO-B, BCT-ANZ, BOOG, CCTG, CEEOG, EORTC , GAICO, GBG, GEICAM, GOIRC, IBCG, IBCSG, ICR-CTSU, JBCRG, SABO, SOLTI,  SUCCESS, SweBCG, TCOG, UCBG (FBSG).

The study was opened to recruitment in 2014 and completed recruitment in 2019.

Over 600 hospitals activated in 23 countries around the globe.

• Yamauchi H, Toi M, Takayama S, et al. Adjuvant olaparib in the subset of patients from Japan with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated high-risk early breast cancer from the phase 3 OlympiA trial. Breast Cancer. Published online April 1, 2023. doi:10.1007/s12282-023-01451-8
• Tutt ANJ, Garber JE, Kaufman B et al. Adjuvant Olaparib for Patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-Mutated Breast Cancer. June 24, 2021. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:2394-2405. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2105215

The study is funded by AstraZeneca. The study sponsors are NRG Oncology (US) and AstraZeneca (rest of the world).

The study is run according to BIG’s Principles of Research Conduct.

NCT02032823